Faucet removal question

Complete novice here. My kitchen faucet broke and, this being the first time I've had such a situation, I decided to buy a replacement myself and see if I was up to the task of an installation. After disconnecting the lines and hose from the old faucet, the time came to remove the gasket on the old faucet and this plastic sheath made its presence known. For the life of me, I cannot figure out how to remove it. It seems completely stuck in place. Any advice about what it is and how I could be removed would be greatly appreciated.

What is this white hard puddy?

Whats the technical name of this.

I need to replace this but I can't find it online. Its attached to a spigot on a green roof.

What is this, and how do I get it to work normally?

Need to water our lawn. Just bought the house recently, and this faucet just trickles when I turn it. Why is it doing that? How can I get it to function normally?

Rusted screw removal

Does anyone know how to remove a rusted, broken off screw inside a bathtub overflow plate? I’m hoping to replace the plate but I need to get this screw out first…

How can I take this shit off? I tried everything for two days

Can I repair this myself?

Ran over this sewage pipe connector outside of our rented home. The landlord has Covid and is generally very difficult to deal with. Curious if I could replace it myself. If it’s possible to fix this on my own without too much trouble, how might I go about that?

Need help to find this part

Where can I order replacement of 3/4 inch and 1.5 inch connector for C901 pipes. Please help. Thanks !

Any advice?

Leaking flush assembly

The refill tube is dripping about 2 drops a second. That's like 172,800 drips a day. . .any way to stop this from drip drop dripping? Pressing up on the float does not stop the dripping.

What part is this bidet water line? I want to replace it because it’s a bit moldy inside and can’t clean it well enough.